OAR is a recipient of a James and Ester King Foundation New Investigator Award from the Department of Health, Florida State. OAR is also funded by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the Myron and Jane Hanley Award in Stroke Research. The Siblings with Ischemic Stroke Study was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (R01 NS39987; JFM, PI) and by a Marriott Disease Risk and Regenerative Medicine Initiative Award in Individualized Medicine. The Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study (ISGS) was funded by a grant from the NINDS (R01 NS42733). ZKW is partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) /NINDS P50 NS072187, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, and Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, project number Z01 AG000950-06; the UK Motor Neurone Disease Association grant 6057 to John Hardy and Richard Orrell and Alzheimer's Research UK funding to John Hardy. This work was supported in part by the Wellcome Trust/MRC Joint Call in Neurodegeneration award (WT089698) to the UK Parkinson's Disease Consortium (UKPDC) whose members are from the UCL/Institute of Neurology, the University of Sheffield and the MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit at the University of Dundee and a fellowship from Alzheimer's Research UK to Dr. Guerreiro.