Fatigue Crack Propagation under Christmas Tree Load Pattern

Abstract

Most mechanical components are subject to dynamic loads, which can cause failure in service. This study aims to evaluate the effect of variable amplitude loadings on fatigue crack growth (FCG) in CT specimens produced with the AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy. Specifically, it is intended to predict the FCG rate when the specimen is subjected to a complex loading pattern, named the “Christmas Tree Spectrum”. Crack growth is simulated by node release, which occurs when the cumulative plastic strain at the crack tip reaches a critical value (110%) that is supposed to be a material property. It is therefore assumed that cyclic plastic deformation is the main damage mechanism. The specimen was subjected to four different load patterns: the 6–60 N low-frequency constant amplitude load (CAL); the 6–21 N high-frequency CAL; the Christmas Tree (15–9) and the Christmas Tree (9–3) patterns. The Christmas Tree 15–9 load pattern is defined by nine increments of +15 N and −9 N followed by eight increments of +9 N and −15 N. The results indicate that the Christmas Tree (15–9) pattern increases crack tip damage relative to the constant amplitude loading. This is attributed to small variations in material hardening, particularly during the unloading phase of the load block. On the other hand, the Christmas Tree (9–3) pattern did not show a significant effect, indicating the importance of the range of small-amplitude cycles. The crack closure phenomenon is usually used explain the effect of loading parameters, but this is an exception.